ar X iv : n uc l - ex / 9 61 10 04 v 1 1 6 N ov 1 99 6 The magnetic form factor of the neutron
نویسنده
چکیده
A review of neutron form factor measurements is given. We focus on recent measurements of the neutron magnetic form factor G n M , and discuss in detail our measurements of this quantity at momentum transfers Q 2 = 0.1 − 0.6 (GeV/c) 2. In the one photon exchange approximation, the elastic electron – nucleon differential cross section is described by the so-called Rosenbluth formula 1. The expression contains two electromagnetic form factors which depend on the four momentum transfer squared q 2 µ = −Q 2 in the reaction, only. These form factors, usually called G E (Q 2) (electric) and G M (Q 2) (magnetic), can be thought of as the Fourier representation of the electric charge and current distributions in the nucleon. This relation, however, does not hold at realistic Q 2 , where the recoil of the nucleon and relativistic kinematics are non-negligible. In the Breit (or brick wall) frame, which is the kinematical frame in which no energy is transferred, G E and G M are proportional to the nucleon charge and current matrix elements, respectively. In the late 1950s, Hofstadter and collaborators initiated a series of experiments in which the form factors of the proton and the neutron were measured 2. The proton form factors were obtained from the measurement of the elastic electron–proton (e − p) cross sections at 1
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